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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e20200, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505842

ABSTRACT

Abstract The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin-II secreted during the RAAS pathway increases nephropathy. It stimulates oxidative stress which can quench nitric oxide. Reduced nitric oxide level aggravates Ang-II-induced vasoconstriction. Ang-II has also emerged as a central mediator of the glomerular hemodynamic changes that are associated with renal injury. Deletion of ACE2 is also noted due to increased Ang-II level which leads to the development of DN. We hypothesize that nephropathy caused by Ang-II in the periphery may be controlled by brain RAAS. ACE inhibitors and ARBs may show the renoprotective effect when administered through ICV without crossing the blood-brain barrier. DN was observed after 8 weeks of diabetes induction through alloxan. Administration of captopril and valsartan once and in combined therapy for 2 weeks, significantly reduced urine output, blood urea nitrogen, total protein in the urine, serum cholesterol, serum creatinine, serum triglycerides, and kidney/body weight ratio as compared to diabetic control rats. Further, combination therapy significantly increased the body weight and serum nitrate level as compared to diabetic control animals. However, increased ACE2 levels in the brain may reduce the sympathetic outflow and might have decreased the peripheral activity of Ang-II which shows beneficial effects in DN.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Renin-Angiotensin System/immunology , Angiotensin II/analysis , Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/administration & dosage
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 81(6): 494-499, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973847

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome has been linked to impaired function of the heart and blood vessels. We conducted a study to investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the etiopathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Methods: The subjects were 14 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and 14 healthy controls who underwent cataract extraction. Preoperative 5-ml samples of peripheral venous blood and perioperative aqueous humor were collected from the patients in both groups. Plasma and aqueous humor renin levels were analyzed by an immunoradiometric method, and angiotensin II levels were analyzed by radioimmunassay. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analyses. A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: The mean ages of the patients in pseudoexfoliation and control groups were 71.7 ± 7.1 and 67.4 ± 9.3 years, respectively (p=0.140). The median aqueous humor renin level was 7.73 pg/ml (4.15-21) in the control group and 11.95 pg/ml (3.75-18.54) in pseudoexfoliation group (p=0.022). There were no differences between the two groups in the plasma renin, plasma angiotensin II, or aqueous humor angiotensin II levels. The correlations between plasma and aqueous humor renin levels and between plasma and aqueous humor angiotensin II levels were examined separately for each group; no significant correlations were observed in pseudoexfoliation group (r=-0.440, p=0.115; r=-0.414, p=0.142) or the control group (r=-0.232, p=0.425; r=0.482, p=0.081). Conclusion: Aqueous humor renin levels are higher in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The results indicate a probable role of renin-angiotensin system in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Further studies with larger numbers of cases are needed to clarify the precise association of renin-angiotensin system with the etiopathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.


RESUMO Objetivo: A síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação tem sido associada ao comprometimento da função do coração e dos vasos sanguíneos. Foi realizado um estudo para investigar o papel do sistema renina-angiotensina na etiopatogenia da síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação. Métodos: Os sujeitos foram 14 pacientes com síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação e 14 controles saudáveis submetidos à extração de catarata. Amostras pré-operatórias de 5 ml de sangue venoso periférico e humor aquoso perioperatório foram coletadas dos pacientes em ambos os grupos. Os níveis de renina no plasma e humor aquoso foram analisados pelo método imunorradiométrico e os níveis de angiotensina II foram analisados por radioimunoensaio. O SPSS versão 16.0 foi utilizado para análises estatísticas. Considerou-se o valor de p<0,05 para indicar uma diferença estatisticamente significativa. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes nos grupos pseudo-exfoliação e controle foi de 71,7 ± 7,1 e 67,4 ± 9,3 anos, respectivamente (p=0,140). O nível médio de renina no humor aquoso foi de 7,73 pg / ml (4,15-21) no grupo controle e 11,95 pg/ml (3,75-18,54) no grupo pseudo-exfoliação (p=0,022). Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos de renina plasmática, angiotensina II plasmática ou nos níveis de angiotensina II em humor aquoso. As correlações entre os níveis de renina no plasma e no humor aquoso e entre os níveis de angiotensina II no plasma e humor foram examinadas separadamente para cada grupo; n]ao foram observadas correlações significativas no grupo pseudo-exfoliação (r=-0,440, p=0,115; r=-0,414, p=0,142) ou no grupo controle (r=-0,232, p=0,425; r=0,482, p=0,081). Conclusão: Os níveis de renina no humor aquoso são mais elevados na síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação. Os resultados indicam um provável papel do sistema renina-angiotensina na síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação. Novos estudos com maior número de casos são necessários para esclarecer a associação precisa do sistema renina-angiotensina com a etiopatogenia da síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Renin-Angiotensin System , Angiotensin II/analysis , Renin/analysis , Exfoliation Syndrome/etiology , Aqueous Humor/metabolism , Cataract/blood , Cataract Extraction , Prospective Studies , Exfoliation Syndrome/metabolism , Exfoliation Syndrome/blood , Preoperative Period
3.
Clinics ; 73: e246, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952795

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate cardiovascular autonomic modulation and angiotensin II (Ang II) activity in diabetic mice that were genetically engineered to harbor two or three copies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene. METHODS: Diabetic and non-diabetic mice harboring 2 or 3 copies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene were used in the present study. Animals were divided into 4 groups: diabetic groups with two and three copies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (2CD and 3CD) and the respective age-matched non-diabetic groups (2C and 3C). Hemodynamic, cardiovascular, and autonomic parameters as well as renal Ang II expression were evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate was lower in diabetic animals than in non-diabetic animals. Autonomic modulation analysis indicated that the 3CD group showed increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal modulation of heart rate variability, eliciting increased cardiac sympathovagal balance, compared with all the other groups. Concurrent diabetes and either angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism resulted in a significant increase in Ang II expression in the renal cortex. CONCLUSION: Data indicates that a small increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in diabetic animals leads to greater impairment of autonomic function, as demonstrated by increased sympathetic modulation and reduced cardiac vagal modulation along with increased renal expression of Ang II.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Angiotensin II/analysis , Cardiovascular System/physiopathology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Gene Dosage/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology , Kidney/enzymology , Vagus Nerve/physiopathology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Angiotensin II/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Random Allocation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Heart Rate/physiology
4.
Bauru; s.n; 2016. 127 p. tab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-882111

ABSTRACT

O Sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA) tem sido relatado como um importante modulador de processos inflamatórios e imunológicos, incluindo a doença periodontal (DP). Estudos sugerem neste sistema um eixo alternativo (ECA-2 /ANG(1-7) /MAS) que atuaria como um contra-regulador de efeitos mediados pelo clássico eixo (ECA /ANGII /AT1). Sabe-se que bactérias periodontopatogênicas, como a Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), possuem componentes bioativos de membrana (ex. lipopolissacarídeos-LPS) capazes de induzir uma forte resposta imune no hospedeiro devido à liberação de citocinas nas células, entre elas Interleucina (IL)- 1ß. Neste contexto, fibroblastos são as células mais abundantes nos tecidos periodontais e possuem em sua superfície celular receptores necessários para o reconhecimento da invasão bacteriana, ativando cascatas intracelulares, que levam à produção de citocinas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os eixos ECA/ ANGII/ AT1 e ECA-2/ ANG(1-7)/ MAS contribuem para a produção e/ ou regulação de citocinas inflamatórias (CI) por fibroblastos de gengiva humana (HGF) e ligamento periodontal humano (HPLF) estimulados por IL-1ß. Após o pré-tratamento com Losartan e Ang (1-7) ou silenciamento mediado por RNA de interferência (RNAi) de AT1, HGF e HPLF foram estimulados por IL-1ß por 3 horas (RNAm) ou 24 horas (proteína). Expressão de RNAm para AT1, MAS, ECA, ECA-2, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-ß, CXCL12, RANK-L e OPG foram avaliados por RT-qPCR e das proteínas IL-6, IL-8, ECA e ECA-2 por ELISA. Foi realizado também Western Blot para detecção de AT1 e ECA nos extratos celulares e dosagem de nitrito no sobrenadante das culturas. Ambos os subtipos de fibroblastos mostraram aumento da expressão de RNAm para AT1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α e OPG, quando estimulados por IL-1ß. No entanto, apenas em HPLF foi observado aumento para MAS, ECA e TGF-ß. Losartan e Ang (1-7) não modularam o transcrito, a secreção de CI e nem a produção de nitrito no sobrenadante das culturas, tanto em HGF como em HPLF. O silenciamento do receptor AT1 reduziu a secreção de IL-6 e IL-8 induzida por IL-1ß em cultura de HGF e HPLF e aumentou a expressão gênica de OPG somente em HGF. Estes resultados sugerem que o silenciamento de AT1, mas não o bloqueio farmacológico deste receptor pelo antagonista Losartan, em HGF e HPLF, pode controlar a produção de IL-6 e IL-8, que por sua vez contribuem para a patogênese periodontal.(AU)


The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported as an important modulator of inflammatory and immune responses, including periodontal disease (PD). Studies suggest an alternative axis as part of this system (ACE-2 / ANG (1-7) / MAS) that would act as counter-regulatory to the classical axis (ECA / ANGII / AT1). It is known that periodontal bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) have bioactive components in their membrane (such as lipopolysaccharide-LPS) capable of inducing a strong immune response in the host due to the release of cytokines in cells, including interleukin (IL) - 1ß. In this regard, fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in periodontal tissues and receptors needed for the recognition of bacterial invasion by activating intracellular cascades that lead to cytokine production. The aim of this study was to determine whether the axes ACE / ANGII / AT1 and ACE-2 / ANG (1-7) / MAS contribute to the production and / or regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IC) by fibroblasts of human gingiva (HGF) and human periodontal ligament (HPLF) stimulated IL-1ß. After pre-treatment with Losartan, Ang (1-7) or silencing mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) of AT1, HGF and HPLF were stimulated by IL-1ß for 3 hours (RNAm) or 24 hours (protein). Expression mRNA for AT1, MAS, ACE, ACE-2, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-ß, CXCL12, RANK-L and OPG was assessed by RT- qPCR and proteins IL-6, IL-8, ACE and ACE-2 by ELISA. Western Blot for the detection of AT1 and ECA and dosage of nitrite was also performed. Experiments stimulated by IL-1ß showed a positive control for gene expression AT1, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and OPG in HGF and HPLF and MAS, ACE and TGF-ß only HPLF. Losartan and Ang (1-7) did not modulate the transcription and secretion of IC and no nitrite production in the culture supernatant of HGF and HPLF. The silencing AT1 reduced IL-6 secretion and IL-8 induced by IL- ß in cultured HGF and HPLF and increased OPG gene expression only HGF. These results suggest that silencing AT1, but not pharmacological blockade of this receptor by Losartan in HPLF and HGF, can control the production of IL-6 and IL-8, which in turn contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Chemokines/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Fibroblasts/physiology , Interleukin-1beta/physiology , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/analysis , Angiotensin II/physiology , Angiotensin I/analysis , Angiotensin I/physiology , Blotting, Western , Cells, Cultured , Chemokines/analysis , Cytokines/analysis , Gingiva/cytology , Losartan/pharmacology , Peptide Fragments/analysis , Peptide Fragments/physiology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/analysis , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology , Periodontal Ligament/cytology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/analysis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/analysis , Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
5.
Bauru; s.n; 2016. 138 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-881841

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a reatividade vascular de agentes vasoconstritores presentes nas soluções anestésicas locais (Adrenalina - vasoconstrição e vasodilatação; Felipressina - vasoconstrição), nas doses de 80, 160, 320, 640 e 1280ng (adrenalina) ou 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4 x10-3UI (felipressina), em leito arterial mesentérico deratos normotensos, diabéticos, hipertensos renais um-rim, um-clip (1R-1C) e hipertensos1R-1C-diabéticos. E correlacionar tal reatividadecom expressão de RNAm dos receptores 1A e 2- adrenérgicos, V1A para vasopressina e AT1A, AT1Be AT2 para angiotensina II visando verificar se a hipertensão arterial e o diabetes mellitus provocam alteração em modelo indutivo e isogênico. Ratos Wistar pesando 110-160g, foram anestesiados com mistura de quetamina e xilazina (50+10mg/ml/kg de peso), tiveram seu abdômen aberto e receberam um clip de prata com abertura 0,25mm na artéria renal esquerda, removendo-se cirurgicamente o rim direito (ratos 1R-1C). Após 14 dias, receberam injeção subcutânea de estreptozotocina (50 e 60mg/kg de peso) para indução do diabetes mellitus sendo a glicemia testada pela veia caudal previamente aos experimentos (diabéticos). Após 30-42 dias da implantação do clip, todos os grupos foram novamente anestesiados e implantou-se cânula de polietileno (PE-50) na artéria carótida esquerda para registro direto da pressão arterial. Após registro da pressão os animais tiveram a artéria principal mesentérica exposta e canulada. O leito arterial mesentérico foi então isolado e colocado em banho com solução nutritiva de Krebs a 37ºC. O cateter foi conectado ao sistema de registro computadorizado (PowerLab®) utilizando software específico (Chart 5Pro ®). Analisaram-se: a pressão máxima (vasoconstrição) e mínima (vasodilatação), o tempo necessário para atingir esse valor, duração total da resposta, integral e integral sobre a linha de base. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Holm-Sidak (distribuição normal) ou de Mann-Whitney (nãoparamétrico), quando apropriado, nível de significância de 5%. Todas as respostas máximas de vasoconstrição apresentaram comportamento dose-dependente, contudo, para os quatro grupos estudados, a resposta vasoconstritora para adrenalina foi significativamente superior à felipressina (p<0,05). Diabetes e hipertensão reduziram a resposta vasoconstritora da adrenalina e da felipressina, valores de integral sobre a linha de base, respectivamente para grupo controle, diabético, hipertenso e hipertenso-diabético: 2462±465; 1511±236; 2542± 5456 e 3749±819mmHg.s (p<0,05) para adrenalina e 3749 ± 708; 746 ± 103; 1647 ± 422; 1359 ± 591 mmHg.s (p<0,05) para felipressina. Tanto o diabetes quanto a hipertensão, associadas ou não, aumentaram significativamente o tempo para atingir a pressão máxima de vasoconstrição e a duração (p<0,05). As artérias mesentéricas de ratos diabéticos, hipertensos e diabéticos-hipertensos apresentaram expressão significativamente aumentada dos receptores 1Aadrenérgico, AT1B e AT2 para angiotensina II (p<0,05), enquanto receptor AT1A estava com a expressão aumentada apenas nos grupos diabéticos. A expressão do receptor 1A-adrenérgico é discrepante com os achados funcionais, o que pode ser justificado pela fase crônica da doença em que a PCR foi realizada. É possível correlacionar os dados obtidos com a menor atividade vasoconstritora da felipressina observada clinicamente. A maior sensibilidade às moléculas vasoconstritoras pode explicar a maior tendência de pacientes diabéticos desenvolverem hipertensão. A partir dos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adrenalina é o vasoconstritor mais potente que a felipressina e ambas as moléculas tem seus efeitos reduzidos em pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, o que reforça a indicação de se utilizar anestésicos locais associados a vasoconstritores nestas populações.(AU)


The main goal of this study wasto evaluate and compare vasoconstrictor agents present in local anesthetic solutions (Epinephrine - vasoconstriction and vasodilation, Felypressin - vasoconstriction) vascular reactivity on mesenteric artery bed of normotensive, diabetic, renal hypertensive one-kidney-one-clip (1K1C) and hypertensive 1K1C diabetic rats. Dosagesstudied were 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280ng (epinephrine) or 0,25; 0,5;1; 2 and 4 x 10-3UI (felypressin). Also, we aimed to correlate artery response with RNAm expression of 1A and 2-adrenoceptors, V1A vasopressin receptor and AT1A, AT1B e AT2 angiotensin receptors, in order to verify if arterial hypertension and diabetes can lead to alterations on a inductive and isogenic model. Wistar male rats weighing 110-160g were anaesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (50+10mg/ml/kg), had their abdominal cavity opened and a silver clipwith 0.25-mm gap was implanted in the main left kidney artery, the right kidney was surgically removed (1K1C-rats). After 14 days, they received a subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (50 and 60 mg/ml/kg) for inducing diabetes, whereas the glycemia was tested via the tail vein prior to surgery (diabetic rats). Around 30-42 after the clip was implanted, all the groups were anaesthetized again and a polyethylene (PE-50) cannula was implanted on the left carotid artery for direct arterial pressure register. After registering the pressure, the animals had their main mesenteric artery exposed and cannulated. The mesenteric artery bed was then isolated and transferred to a bath with Krebs nutritive solution at 37ºC. The catheter was connected to the computer register system (PowerLab®) using a specific software (Chart 5Pro ®). The following parameters were analyzed: maximum (vasoconstriction) and minimal pressure (vasodilating), the amount of time necessary to achieve this number, total duration of the reaction, integral and integral over baseline. The data was submitted to analysis of variance of repeated measures (ANOVA), followed by a Holm-Sidak (normal distribution) test or Mann Whitney (parametrics) test when suitable, with a significance level of 5%. All maximum vasoconstriction results presented dosage-dependant behavior, however, for the four groups tested, the vasoconstrictive result for epinephrine was significantly superior to felypressin (p<0,05). Diabetes and hypertension significantly reducedepinephrine and felypressin vasoconstrictor responses, integral above baseline, respectively, for control, diabetic, hypertensive and hypertensive-diabetic groups:2462±465; 1511±236; 2542± 5456 e 3749±819 mmHg.s (p<0.05, epinephrine) and 3749 ± 708; 746 ± 103; 1647 ± 422; 1359 ± 591 mmHg.s (p<0.05, felypressin). Both diabetes and hypertension, associated or not, significantly increased time necessary to achieve maximum vasoconstrictor response and its duration (p<0,05). Diabetic, hypertensive and hypertensive-diabetic mesenteric arteries presented 1A-adrenoceptor, AT1B and AT2 angiotensin II-receptor gene expression significantly increased when compared with control group (p<0,05), while AT1Areceptor presented this pattern only in diabetic groups.1A-adrenoceptor gene expression did not confirm functional data, probably due to chronic disease state in wich PCR was performed. A partir dos dados obtidos pode-se concluir que a adrenalina é o vasoconstritor mais potente que a felipressina e ambas as moléculas tem seus efeitos reduzidos em ratos hipertensos e diabéticos não tratados, o que reforça a indicação de se utilizar anestésicos locais associados a vasoconstritores nestas populações.Its possible to correlate our datawith reducedvasoconstrictor activity of felypressinin clinical use. Increased sensibility and receptor population for vasoconstrictor endogenous molecules could explain diabetic populations tendency to develop arterial hypertension. Our results suggest that epinephrine is more potent than felypressin and both vasoconstrictors presents reduced effects on diabetic and hypertensive patients, what reinforces vasoconstrictor associated with local anesthetic use in this population.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology , Epinephrine/pharmacology , Felypressin/pharmacology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/analysis , Angiotensin II/analysis , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/analysis , Time Factors , Vasoconstriction/drug effects , Vasopressins/analysis
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(9): 789-798, 09/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719317

ABSTRACT

We examined the contractile responsiveness of rat thoracic aortas under pressure overload after long-term suprarenal abdominal aortic coarctation (lt-Srac). Endothelium-dependent angiotensin II (ANG II) type 2 receptor (AT2R)-mediated depression of contractions to ANG II has been reported in short-term (1 week) pressure-overloaded rat aortas. Contractility was evaluated in the aortic rings of rats subjected to lt-Srac or sham surgery (Sham) for 8 weeks. ANG I and II levels and AT2R protein expression in the aortas of lt-Srac and Sham rats were also evaluated. lt-Srac attenuated the contractions of ANG II and phenylephrine in the aortas in an endothelium-independent manner. However, lt-Srac did not influence the transient contractions induced in endothelium-denuded aortic rings by ANG II, phenylephrine, or caffeine in Ca2+-free medium or the subsequent tonic constrictions induced by the addition of Ca2+ in the absence of agonists. Thus, the contractions induced by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx through stored-operated channels were not inhibited in the aortas of lt-Srac rats. Potassium-elicited contractions in endothelium-denuded aortic rings of lt-Srac rats remained unaltered compared with control tissues. Consequently, the contractile depression observed in aortic tissues of lt-Srac rats cannot be explained by direct inhibition of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Interestingly, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced contractions in endothelium-denuded aortic rings of lt-Srac rats were depressed in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Neither levels of angiotensins nor of AT2R were modified in the aortas after lt-Srac. The results suggest that, in rat thoracic aortas, lt-Srac selectively inhibited protein kinase C-mediated activation of contraction that is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ entry.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology , Aortic Coarctation/physiopathology , Calcium/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology , Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors , Vasoconstriction/physiology , Angiotensin I/analysis , Angiotensin II/analysis , Aorta, Thoracic/injuries , Aorta, Thoracic/surgery , Blotting, Western , Blood Pressure/physiology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Endothelium, Vascular/injuries , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Potassium/pharmacology , Protein Kinase C/metabolism , Radioimmunoassay , Rats, Wistar , /metabolism , Vasoconstriction/drug effects
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 27(8): 515-521, Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643618

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Evaluation of colonic healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS: Fifty male, young and inbred rats were used. Twenty-five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) as control and twenty-five spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as an experimental group. Colotomy and bowel suture at 2.5 cm from the peritoneal reflection were performed. All animals were allocated randomly into sub-groups for review at the third, seventh and fourteenth days after surgery. We evaluated the concentration of angiotensin II, the burst pressure, epithelialization, the organization of the tunics of the bowel wall, inflammatory response and collagen deposition. RESULTS: The burst pressure, epithelialization, organization of the tunics and collagen deposition was not significant between groups. The inflammatory reaction was more intense in the control group on the third postoperative day (p=0.023) as the experimental group on the remaining time. CONCLUSION: Systemic arterial hypertension in rats did not influence significantly the healing process of colonic anastomoses.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a cicatrização colônica em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta ratos machos, jovens e isogênicos. Vinte e cinco ratos da linhagem Wistar Kyoto (WKY) como controle e vinte e cinco ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) como grupo experimento. Realizou-se colotomia e colorrafia a 2,5 cm da reflexão peritoneal. Alocaram-se os animais aleatoriamente em sub-grupos para avaliação no terceiro, sétimo e décimo quarto dias de pós-operatório. Foram avaliados a concentração de angiotensina II, a resistência da anastomose à insuflação, a epitelização, a organização das túnicas da parede intestinal, a reação inflamatória e a deposição de colágeno. RESULTADOS: A avaliação da resistência da anastomose, epitelização, organização das túnicas e deposição de colágeno não foi significativa entre os grupos. A reação inflamatória foi mais intensa no grupo controle na avaliação do terceiro dia de pós-operatório (p=0,023) igualando-se ao grupo experimento nos demais tempos. CONCLUSÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica, em ratos, não influenciou de forma significante no processo cicatricial de anastomoses do cólon.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Colon/surgery , Hypertension/physiopathology , Wound Healing/physiology , Anastomosis, Surgical , Angiotensin II/analysis , Blood Pressure/physiology , Collagen/metabolism , Colon/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Postoperative Period , Random Allocation , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Inbred WKY , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/physiopathology , Time Factors
8.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 27(4): 480-491, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515274

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El polimorfismo de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA) determina mayor actividadde ECA y niveles de angiotensina (Ang) II en ratas Brown Norway (BN) y menor actividad de ECA y niveles de Ang II en ratas Lewis (L). La interregulación entre ECA, ECA2 y su relación con remodelamiento aórtico hipertensivo no ha sido explorada Objetivo: Determinar la expresión de ECA y ECA2 y los parámetros de remodelamiento vascular hipertensivo en la aorta de ratas con niveles genéticamente determinados de ECA. Métodos: A ratas macho homocigotas de 150 grs BN y LL, se les indujo HTA por 6 semanas por el procedimiento Goldblatt (GB, 2 K-1clip). Ratas pseudo-operadas se usaron como controles (sham). Se determinó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS), el grosor de la túnica media (GTM), área de la TM (ATM), expresión génica deECA, ECA2 ,TGF-beta, PAI-1 y MCP-1 por RT-PCR y también proteica de ECA y ECA2 por Western Blot. Resultados: La masa cardiaca relativa y la PAS aumentaron significativamente en los grupos GB respecto a sus controles Sham, sin diferencias por efecto del polimorfismo de la ECA. En condiciones de normotensión las ratas BN mostraron que la pared aórtica expresa mayores niveles génicos y proteicos de la ECA(60% y 134%, respectivamente) y menores de ECA2 (74% y 73%, respectivamente) respecto de las ratas L(p<0.05). Estos resultados se asociaron con mayores GTM y ATM como en los niveles de mRNA de TGF-beta y, PAI-1 en las aortas de ratas BN respecto de las ratas L (p<0,05). En respuesta a un estrés hipertensivo las ratas con mayores niveles de ECA y menores niveles de ECA2 mostraron mayor GTM (p<0,05, respecto de GB-L), sin diferencias en los otros parámetros evaluados...


Background: Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism determines increased ACE and Ang IIlevels in Brown Norway rats (BN) and decreased ACE and Ang II levels in Lewis (L) rats. The interactionbetween ACE and ACE2 in relation to aortic remodeling associated to hypertension has not been explored. Aim: to determine the expression of ACE and ACE2 along with parameters of remodeling in hypertensive rats with genetically determined levels of ACE. Methods: BN and L rats weighing 150 g were made hypertensive by the Goldblatt procedure (GB, 2K-1 clip). Sham operated rats were used as controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), media thickness (MT), and MT area were measured. RT-PCR was used to determine the genetic expression of ACE, ACE2, TGF-beta, PAI-1 and MCP-1. Western Blot was used to measure the protein fraction of ACE and ACE2 Results: Relative cardiac mass and SBP increases significantly in GB rats compared to controls; ACE polymorphism did not influence this effect. The aortic wall of normotensive BN rats expressed increased genic and protein levels of ACE (60% and 134%, respectively) and decreased levels of ACE2 (74% and 73%, respectively) compared to L rats (p<0.05). These findings were associated to increased MT and MT area as well as increased mRNA for TGF-beta and PAI 1 in BN rats compared to L rats (p<0.05). In response to hypertensive stress, rats with increased ACE and decreased ACE2 levels developed increased MT compared to GB-L rats; other parameters of remodeling were not affected...


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Angiotensin II/physiology , Hypertension/metabolism , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology , Analysis of Variance , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Angiotensin II/analysis , Angiotensin II/genetics , Aorta/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis , Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Hypertrophy/metabolism , Polymorphism, Genetic , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/analysis , Blood Pressure/physiology , Rats, Inbred BN , Rats, Inbred Lew
9.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 22(1/2): 37-46, ene.-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419161

ABSTRACT

La mayor actividad de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA) determina mayores niveles de angiotensina (Ang) II y menores de Ang-(1-7). Hemos observado mayores niveles de Ang II en ratas normotensas con mayor actividad de ECA y simultáneamente mayor hipertensión renovascular. Planteamos que en esta situación los niveles de Ang (1-7) podrían modificarse por la HTA y además ser inversamente proporcionales a la actividad de ECA y a los niveles de Ang II. Métodos: se determinó angiotensina II y (1-7) plasmáticas en ratas normotensas e hipertensas renovasculares (modelo Goldblatt 2 riñones, 1 clip) en cepas F2 homocigotas Brown Norway (BN, con ECA elevada) o Lewis (con ECA baja). Resultados: Promedio (ES). Los niveles de hipertensión arterial e HVI fueron similares en ambas cepas en los grupos Goldblatt. Los niveles plasmáticos de Ang II fueron 509 (37) U/ml en ratas BN normotensas y 173 (25) U/mL en ratas Lewis normotensas (p <0,05). Los niveles plasmáticos de Ang (1-7) fueron 4 veces mayores en ratas Lewis normotensas que las normotensas BN (p <0,05) y se elevaron significativamente con la hipertensión (p <0,05). Conclusión: Estos resultados podrían explicar la diferencia en la magnitud de la HTA observada previamente entre ambos genotipos de ECA y la mayor tendencia a presentar hipertensión arterial en hombres que presentan el alelo D del polimorfismo ECA I/D.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Angiotensin I/biosynthesis , Angiotensin II/analysis , Hypertension, Renovascular/enzymology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Genotype , Peptide Fragments , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , Rats, Inbred BN/genetics , Rats, Inbred Lew/genetics , Vasodilator Agents
10.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 22(1/2): 47-54, ene.-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-419162

ABSTRACT

Una menor actividad de enzima convertidora de angiotensina I, genéticamente determinada en aproximadamente un 40 por ciento en humanos , determinaría mayores niveles de Ang (Ang) II, lo que no ha sido observado. Sin embargo, no se conoce lo que ocurre en este contexto con los niveles de Ang (1-7), un péptido con acciones vasodilatadores y antiproliferativas antogónicas a las que ejerce Ang II. Hipótesis: los niveles de este péptido pudieran elevarse en presencia de niveles más bajos de ECA (sujetos homocigotos ECA II) en relación con los pacientes homocigotos ECA DD (con ECA genéticamente más lata). Métodos: se estudiaron 18 pacientes hipertensos esenciales homocigotos sin tratamiento (9 ECA DD y 9 ECA II). Se determinó actividad de ECA y niveles de angiotensinas II y (1-7) plasmáticos. Resultados (promedio ± 12,9 ng/ml vs 69,6 ± 8,4 ng/ml). Sin embargo los niveles de Ang (1-7) fueron 4 veces más elevados en los pacientes hipertensos con genotipo ECA II (58,2 ±18,8 ng/ml vs 14,5 ± 3,3 ng/ml, p <0,05). Conclusión: La presencia de mayor actividad de ECA determinada genéticamente, se asocia con menores niveles plasmáticos de Ang (1-7). Este fenómeno pudiera estar mediado por diferente actividad de ECA y/o de endopeptidasa neutra y ayudaría a explicar algunos fenómenos patogénicos asociados a la presencia del alelo D en humanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Angiotensin II/analysis , Hypertension/enzymology , Hypertension/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/biosynthesis , Alleles , DNA , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Peptide Fragments/analysis , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic
11.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 9(3): 182-8, jul.-set. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-225823

ABSTRACT

Os autores tecem consideracoes acerca da avaliacao da reatividade vascular durante a gravidez normal e na pre-eclampsia, realizando uma revisao critica da literatura disponivel sobre o teste da angiotensina II. Para tanto, analisam as pesquisas que foram necessarias para se chegar ao atual teste pressorico, assim como as dificuldades apresentadas na realizacao do teste pelos varios pesquisadores arrolados, alem de analisarem as perspectivas atuais para o uso do mesmo


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Angiotensin II/analysis , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular , Vascular Resistance , Pre-Eclampsia , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies
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